{"id":40,"date":"2018-07-18T17:30:25","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T17:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/?page_id=40"},"modified":"2023-06-11T02:05:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-11T02:05:15","slug":"veda-a-vyskum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/veda-a-vyskum\/","title":{"rendered":"Veda a v\u00fdskum"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Spracovanie lignocelul\u00f3zovej biomasy <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"arundo-energianad-02\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ednosy <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lignocelul\u00f3zova<\/strong> biomasa (drevo, seno, slama, …) je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed obnovite\u013en\u00fd materi\u00e1l na Zemi. \u013dudia ju pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rozli\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely od nepam\u00e4ti. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pova\u017euje za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd zdroj biopal\u00edv (met\u00e1n, etanol)\u00a0 nezvy\u0161uj\u00facich mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9re, ale aj rozli\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1lii a\u00a0materi\u00e1lov. Biomasa sa sklad\u00e1 z\u00a0troch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek, lign\u00ednu, hemicelul\u00f3zy a\u00a0celul\u00f3zy. Hemicelul\u00f3za a\u00a0celul\u00f3za hlavne prispievaj\u00fa svojimi zlo\u017ekami k\u00a0ferment\u00e1cii na biomet\u00e1n (v bioplynov\u00fdch staniciach) alebo k\u00a0produkcii bioetanolu, ktor\u00fd sa prid\u00e1va do benz\u00ednu.<\/p>

Lign\u00edn<\/strong> je fenolov\u00fd vysokomolekul\u00e1rny biopolym\u00e9r (600 \u2013 15000 kDa), ktor\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra ochrann\u00fa a\u00a0kotviacu vrstvu pre vl\u00e1kna celul\u00f3zy a\u00a0hemicelul\u00f3zy.<\/p>

Lign\u00edn<\/strong> tvor\u00ed 10 \u2013 35 % organickej matrice dreva, tr\u00e1v, listov a\u00a0ihli\u010dia a\u00a0tvor\u00ed pribli\u017ene 20 % celkovej hmoty zemskej biosf\u00e9ry. Surov\u00fd lign\u00edn v\u00a0mno\u017estve 40 \u2013 50 mili\u00f3nov ton ro\u010dne na celom svete sa z\u00edskava hlavne pri v\u00fdrobe papiera a\u00a0buni\u010diny. Ako n\u00edzko hodnotov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako zdroj energie spa\u013eovan\u00edm a\u00a0menej ako 5 % sa vyu\u017e\u00edva na in\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, hlavne pre produkciu niektor\u00fdch \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch chemik\u00e1lii a\u00a0ako adit\u00edvum pri produkcii drevo- plastick\u00fdch kompozitov. V\u00a0posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa v\u00fdskum zameral na produkciu uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien, potrebn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia v\u0161ak e\u0161te nie je dostupn\u00e1. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna maj\u00fa v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie, napr. v\u00a0stavebn\u00edctve, automobilovom a\u00a0leteckom priemysle a\u00a0v\u0161ade tam, kde s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u013eahk\u00e9 a\u00a0pevn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 z\u00a0odpadn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (lign\u00ednu) pri spracovan\u00ed biomasy by sa mohli presadi\u0165 na trhu hlavne n\u00edzkou cenou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vedecko-v\u00fdskumn\u00fd z\u00e1mer pracoviska<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vedecko-v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm z\u00e1merom <\/b>v\u00a0horizonte 5 \u2013 7 rokov je komplexn\u00e9 inovat\u00edvne vyu\u017eitie viacro\u010dn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch rastl\u00edn <\/b>(lignocelul\u00f3zova biomasa) pre produkciu bioetanolu a akt\u00edvneho uhlia a\u00a0zhodnotenie odpadn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok <\/b>(hlavne lign\u00ednu) vznikaj\u00facich pri spracovan\u00ed biomasy.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00fdskum je zameran\u00fd na nieko\u013eko hlavn\u00fdch smerov:<\/span>
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

v\u00fdber a\u00a0produkcia najvhodnej\u0161\u00edch energetick\u00fdch rastl\u00edn bu\u010f s\u00a0n\u00edzkym alebo vysok\u00fdm obsahom lign\u00ednu pod\u013ea koncov\u00e9ho produktu<\/p>

2.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie odstr\u00e1nenie lign\u00ednu kv\u00f4li fermenta\u010dn\u00fdm procesom a\u00a0jeho spracovanie na koncov\u00fd produkt<\/b> (napr. biopolym\u00e9ry, farmaceutick\u00e9 alebo potravinov\u00e9 prekurzory, uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna),<\/p>

3.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

v\u00fdber kvasiniek alebo bakt\u00e9rii tak, aby ferment\u00e1cia mohla prebehn\u00fa\u0165 ako na z\u00e1kladnej zlo\u017eke celul\u00f3zy tak i\u00a0na cukroch tvoriacich hemicelul\u00f3zu pri zv\u00fd\u0161enej teplote (viac ako 35 \u00b0C)<\/p>

4.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

nov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia produkcie uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien z\u00a0biomasy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00davodn\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia pou\u017eit\u00e1 z: https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/jemastock<\/strong><\/p>

Fotografie na tejto podstr\u00e1nke z:\u00a0https:\/\/www.arundo-donax.com\/arundo-donax\/\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Spracovanie lignocelul\u00f3zovej biomasy Hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ednosy Lignocelul\u00f3zova biomasa (drevo, seno, slama, …) je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed obnovite\u013en\u00fd materi\u00e1l na Zemi. \u013dudia ju pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rozli\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely od nepam\u00e4ti. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pova\u017euje za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd zdroj biopal\u00edv (met\u00e1n, etanol)\u00a0 nezvy\u0161uj\u00facich mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9re, ale aj rozli\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1lii a\u00a0materi\u00e1lov. Biomasa sa sklad\u00e1 z\u00a0troch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek, Continue Reading<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":627,"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions\/627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jntsro.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}